Shift current bulk photovoltaic effect in polar materials—hybrid and oxide perovskites and beyond (极性材料的位移电流光伏效应:杂化钙钛矿、氧化物钙钛矿及其他)
Liang Z Tan, Fan Zheng, Steve M Young, Fenggong Wang, Shi Liu & Andrew M Rappe
npj Computational Materials 2, Article number: 16026 (2016)
doi:10.1038/npjcompumats.2016.26
Published online:26 August 2016
Abstract| Full Text | PDF OPEN
摘要:光伏效应(BPVE)是指,在缺乏反对称性的单相均质材料中,产生一个稳定的光电流和高于带隙的光电压。BPVE的机理与典型的p–n结基异质材料的机理完全不同。最近,受铁电体中发现高带隙光电压的启发,低带隙铁电材料的发明和迅速提高功率转换效率的金属卤化物钙钛矿,引起了国际上对采用铁电材料转换太阳能的新兴趣。然而,对BPVE的本质和其对材料组成和结构的相关性了解不够深入,将阻碍材料调控及其性能的实现。本文综述了探索BPVE机制的历史、发展和最新进展,重点关注了位移电流的机理,即所有缺乏反对称性结构材料所固有的BPVE。本文除了解释移位电流理论之外,还讨论了未来BPVE应用时,材料设计的机遇和挑战。
Abstract: The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) refers to the generation of a steady photocurrent and above-bandgap photovoltage in a single-phase homogeneous material lacking inversion symmetry. The mechanism of BPVE is decidedly different from the typical p–n junction-based photovoltaic mechanism in heterogeneous materials. Recently, there has been renewed interest in ferroelectric materials for solar energy conversion, inspired by the discovery of above-bandgap photovoltages in ferroelectrics, the invention of low bandgap ferroelectric materials and the rapidly improving power conversion efficiency of metal halide perovskites. However, as long as the nature of the BPVE and its dependence on composition and structure remain poorly understood, materials engineering and the realisation of its true potential will be hampered. In this review article, we survey the history, development and recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of BPVE, with a focus on the shift current mechanism, an intrinsic BPVE that is universal to all materials lacking inversion symmetry. In addition to explaining the theory of shift current, materials design opportunities and challenges will be discussed for future applications of the BPVE.